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英文論文寫作經常使用句子
Here are suggestions for using words and phrases which could improve your academic writing structure and style significantly.
1. INTRODUCTION
- This essay will deal with the following aspects of the question...
- The aim of this essay is ......
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2. GIVING AN OVERVIEW OF THE ESSAY CONTENT
- In order to link.... with ....翻譯社 the background to ... will be briefly outlined.
- The first part of the analysis will examine....
- The second part of this analysis will consider...
- The final level of the analysis consists of...
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3. MAKING A POINT
- It is clear/ noticeable that...
- It is necessary/ important/ useful/ interesting/to note/point out/ highlight/ emphasise that
___________________________________________
4. EMPHASIS MARKERS show clearly what you think is most important but allow you to avoid personal language such as 'I think'
Adjectives: main, crucial, important, significant, key, essential
Nouns: focus翻譯社 element, concept翻譯社 theory, aspect, part, idea, point, argument翻譯社 discussion, debate
Verbs: to emphasise, to summarise翻譯社 to focus, to highlight
Examples:
- The key aspect of this argument is
- The most crucial point made so far
- It is worth noting that
- Another relevant point is that
___________________________________________
5. INTRODUCING A NEW IDEA
- Turning now to the question of
- Bearing in mind the previous points,
- Having considered (X)
- With regard to
- As far as ....... is concerned ___________________________________________
6. HEDGING
The group of 11 words called modals can help you avoid over-generalisation as they express degrees of certainty and possibility翻譯社 thereby avoiding making statements which claim too much or suggest you know everything about a subject.
The 11 modals are:
CAN MAY COULD MIGHT WILL
WOULD SHALL SHOULD翻譯社 OUGHT TO MUST NEEDN'T
By far the most useful modal verbs are CAN, MAY, COULD and MIGHT. If you say something IS true you may well be guilty of over-generalisation. If you say something MAY or MIGHT be true you avoid this problem.
- It could/might be said that ....
- It seems/appears ...
- It is generally thought/considered ......
- Some/many people think/believe ......
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7. CITING RESEARCH
- It has been found that
- Research has shown that
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8. MAKING HYPOTHESES
- If, then
- Assuming that
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9. STATING CONDITIONS
- Given that
- Provided that
- Granted that
- If it is the case that& then,
___________________________________________
10. GIVING EXAMPLES
- For example/instance
- In this situation/case
- To illustrate
___________________________________________
11. ADDING INFORMATION
- Again/ besides/ equally important/ in addition/ further/ furthermore/ moreover
- It must also be noted/ remembered that
___________________________________________
12. DISCUSSION MARKERS
- On the one hand, on the other hand
- Although it may be true that....however
- Whilst it is generally agreed that
- There exists a contradiction between ..... and
- Those in favour of/ Supporters/Advocates of
- Those opposed to/ Critics of
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13. RE-PHRASING
- In other words
- To put it another way
- That is to say
___________________________________________
14. EVALUATIVE LANGUAGE.
This is used to show more clearly what you think about different points. Do you already use these words? Could you use them more?
Positive adjectives: remarkable, innovative翻譯社 complex翻譯社 interesting, profound翻譯社 comprehensive, powerful, rigorous, systematic, useful翻譯社 sensitive, reliable翻譯社 logical,
Negative adjectives: flawed翻譯社 modest, unsatisfactory, inadequate, limited, restricted
Nouns: synthesis翻譯社 survey, topic翻譯社 study, review, history翻譯社 concept, area翻譯社 theme, overview, analysis, system
Verbs: explain翻譯社 discuss, study, present翻譯社 describe, bring into focus, consider翻譯社 explore, illuminate, introduce, analyse翻譯社 constitute
Examples:
- The UNO has published an interesting survey...
- It presents a useful concept...
- However, the study is limited in that...
___________________________________________
15. REPEATING
In general翻譯社 DON'T! Try to organise your writing so that you stick to one point at a time. But if you must, you can use phrases such as:
- To return to an earlier point
- As noted before/above
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16. SUMMING UP
- Briefly, we can say/ it can be said that
- To sum up
- Hence/therefore/accordingly/ consequently
- The evidence suggests, therefore
- In general what this means/ suggests/ indicates is
- It is clear from the above that
___________________________________________
17. CONCLUSION
- To conclude/In conclusion,
以下內文出自: http://blog.sina.com.tw/snapshot/article.php?entryid=582056有關各國語文翻譯公證的問題歡迎諮詢華頓翻譯公司02-77260932
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